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Doctor holding Metformin 500 mg tablets Doctor holding Metformin 500 mg tablets

What is Metformin?

Metformin is a prescription drug used in treating type-2 diabetes by reducing blood glucose (sugar) levels. It belongs to a class of drugs known as biguanides and works by reducing glucose production in the liver and increasing insulin sensitivity in the body. Metformin is based on the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) – metformin hydrochloride, which is commonly used in its salt form. Metformin is available in the form of extended-release tablets, immediate-release tablets and oral solution. It is often prescribed as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, where diet and lifestyle changes do not have a significant impact.

clasification of diabetes medication

Diabetes worsens over time, but taking care of your lifestyle can help you avoid taking more medication. A study by the National Institutes of Health revealed that patients in the lifestyle intervention group who followed a low-calorie, low-fat diet combined with 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week saw a 67% reduction in their risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

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Metformin Uses:

What Is Metformin 500 mg Used For?

Metformin is a medication used to treat diabetes. Here are some Metformin tablet uses for different medical conditions, such as:

PCOS: Use of Metformin in PCOS

PCOS

Metformin 500 mg uses also extend to
women. Those with conditions like PCOS
are at times advised to consume
Metformin to help regulate their menstrual cycles and improve insulin sensitivity.

Gestational: Use of Metformin in Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes

As per Frontiers, Metformin may be used in some cases to
help manage high blood sugar levels
during pregnancy.

Prediabetes: Use of Metformin in Prediabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

As per the Mayo Clinic, Metformin 500 mg uses also include the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It helps people prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes.

Obesity: Use of Metformin in Obesity

Obesity

Metformin may be used off-label to help
with weight loss in people who are
overweight or obese, especially if they also
have insulin resistance or prediabetes.

It is important to note that Metformin 500 mg uses for these conditions are subjective. Metformin must only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, and the risks and benefits of the medication should be carefully considered for each individual patient.

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Metformin Dosage For Diabetes

The ideal Metformin dosage depends on numerous
factors like age, current health status, medical history
and other medications one may be taking.
Metformin hydrochloride oral tablets are available as
immediate-release tablets (start working instantly)
and the extended-release tablets (start working after a certain period of time).
Immediate-release metformin is available as 500, 850,
and 1000 mg. Whereas, extended-release metformin is
available as 500, 750, and 1000 mg.
The usual starting Metformin dosage
(immediate-release) is 500 mg or 850 mg once or
twice in a day, along with meals (may be increased
with time). The maximum recommended dose one
should consume is 2550 mg.

Recommended Dosage for Metformin
Breakfast Lunch Dinner
Week 1-2 - - 500 mg
Week 3-4 500 mg - 500 mg
Week 5-6 500 mg 500 mg 500 mg

Recommended Metformin dose in case of
extended-release tablets is 500 mg once
daily, taken with the evening meal. The
maximum recommended dose is 2000 mg/
day, taken as two divided doses. Extended-
release metformin is meant to show its effect
slowly over time, so it's important not to crush,
chew, or break the tablet.

Generally, your doctor might recommend starting the Metformin dose with dinner to initially get rid of the
symptoms. If required, your Metformin dose might be increased to 850 mg or more based on your Blood
Glucose Level (BGL) readings.
However, it is essential to note that Metformin dosage for diabetes should be individualized based on the
patient's response and tolerance to the medication. Patients with kidney or liver problems or who are elderly
may require lower doses of metformin.
Therefore, it is important to consult a healthcare provider who can determine the appropriate Metformin
dosage for diabetes as per the patient’s needs.

Metformin Composition

As per the NIH, Metformin tablets, in general, primarily contain metformin hydrochloride as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The tablets may also include various excipients, which are inactive ingredients used to help with the manufacturing, stability, and administration of the medication.

The specific excipients can vary depending on the manufacturer and formulation, but common excipients found in metformin hydrochloride tablets may include:

Microcrystalline cellulose

It is often used as a filler or diluent in tablet formulations.

Povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone)

It serves as a binder, helping to hold the tablet together.

Sodium starch glycolate

This ingredient helps in disintegrating the tablet, allowing it to break down quickly when swallowed.

Magnesium stearate

It is a lubricant used during the tablet manufacturing process to prevent sticking to the equipment.

Hypromellose

It is a polymer used as a coating to improve the tablet's appearance and aid in swallowing.

Titanium dioxide

This is a coloring agent used to give the tablet its white color.

Below is a sample composition chart of Metformin Hydrochloride Extended (Sustained) Release 500 MG Tablet:

Metformin HCl 500mg
HPMC K15M 240 to 480mg
PVP K30 50 to 150mg
Magnesium stearate 5 mg
Talcum powder 5 mg
MCC(Avicel PH101) qs to 1150mg

*qs:quantity sufficient; HPMC K15M: hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose of K15M
viscosity grade; PVP K30:polyvinyl pyrrolidonec of viscosity grade; MCC: Micro-
crystalline cellulose

Please note that the specific composition of metformin hydrochloride tablets can vary between different brands and formulations. It is always best to refer to the product packaging, prescribing information, or consult a healthcare professional or pharmacist for accurate and up-to-date information on a particular brand or formulation of metformin hydrochloride tablets.

Directions For Use

The ideal directions for use of Metformin tablets vary depending on the type of tablet (immediate-release or
extended-release) and individual medical needs.

Some general guidelines one should follow for taking metformin tablets:

1

Swallow the Metformin tablets whole with water, and don't crush, chew, or break them unless directed by your doctor.

2

Take the tablets at the same time(s)
every day to maintain consistent blood
sugar levels.

3

If you miss a dose, skip it and continue with your regular dosing schedule. But if you're unsure, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

4

Do not stop taking Metformin tablets without first consulting your doctor, as it can cause a sudden increase in blood sugar levels.

Metformin Contraindications

Generally, Metformin hydrochloride is treated as a safe option for people with type 2 diabetes. However, it
may be contraindicated or not recommended some situations like:

Kidney diseases

As stated by the Mayo Clinic, Metformin can build up lactic acid in the bloodstream, increasing the risk of lactic acidosis. Therefore, metformin is not recommended for people with severe kidney disease.

Liver disease

Metformin contraindications also include certain liver diseases. Consuming Metformin can also increase the risk of lactic acidosis in people with liver disease or alcohol abuse. Before consumption, consult your doctor to know if you have optimal liver health for Metformin.

Heart failure

Metformin may increase the risk of heart failure in people with heart diseases or unstable angina. It is generally not recommended for people with these conditions.

Allergy or sensitivity to metformin

Allergy is another Metformin contraindication. People who are allergic or sensitive to metformin should ask their physician for a safer alternative.

Severe infection or illness

Metformin can escalate the issue for people with severe infections or illnesses. Therefore, it may be temporarily discontinued for these people.

Use of contrast dye

Use of contrast dye in imaging tests such as CT scan or MRI can be another Metformin contraindication. According to the BioMed Central, this is because use of metformin can increase the risk of CI-AKI when undergoing contrasting imaging. It is generally recommended to stop taking metformin before these tests and wait for 48 hours before resuming the medication.

It’s important to consult your healthcare provider doctor regarding your ongoing medications and medical conditions before starting metformin.

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Precautions

Metformin is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. Here are some precautions you should take while
taking Metformin:

1

Metformin is eliminated from the body by the kidneys, so it is important to make sure your kidneys are functioning properly before taking this medication. Your doctor may order a blood test to check your kidney function before prescribing Metformin.

2

Your doctor may want to monitor your liver function with blood tests, as Metformin can affect liver function in rare cases.

3

Limit or avoid alcohol consumption while taking Metformin, as it can increase the risk of lactic acidosis.

4

Drinking plenty of fluids can help reduce the risk of lactic acidosis while taking Metformin.

5

If you are scheduled for surgery, inform your doctor that you are taking Metformin. You may need to stop the medication before surgery and resume it afterwards.

6

Talk to your doctor before taking Metformin during pregnancy or breastfeeding, although it is generally considered safe for use.

7

Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking before starting Metformin, as some drugs can interact with Metformin and increase the risk of side effects.

Metformin Side Effects

The National Institutes of Health says that Metformin is generally a safe and well-tolerated medication, but like any medication, it can cause side effects. Some of the mild side effects that may occur with metformin include:

Indigestion

Indigestion: Indigestion is a side effect of metformin

Side effects of Metformin 500mg also include indigestion, that causes discomfort or pain in the stomach or abdomen. Symptoms may include bloating or an upset stomach.

Diarrhea

Diarrhea: Diarrhea is a side effect of metformin

One of the metformin 500 mg side effects is diarrhea. Metformin can increase the amount of fluid in the intestines, leading to more frequent bowel movements and loose stools.

Nausea

Nausea: Nausea is a side effect of metformin

Metformin 500mg side effects also include nausea. Some people may experience a feeling of nausea or an urge to vomit when taking Metformin. This may be related to effects on the digestive system.

Headache

Headache: Headache is a side effect of metformin

Some people may experience headaches, which is one of the common Metformin side effects. These headaches are usually mild and go away on their own.

Vomiting

Vomiting: Vomiting is a side effect of metformin

Metformin can cause vomiting in some cases, probably with people who have low tolerance to medications.

Acidity

Acidity: Acidity is a side effect of metformin

 Metformin may cause an increase in the production of gas in the intestines, leading to flatulence or belching.

Here is a complete list of side effects, as per the NHS.

Metformin in some cases may also cause severe side effects such as:

Low vitamin B12 levels

Metformin 500mg side effects
also include low vitamin B12
levels. At times, Metformin can
interfere with the absorption of
vitamin B12 in the intestine,
leading to deficiency. Low
vitamin B12 levels can cause
fatigue, weakness, numbness/
tingling in the hands and feet.

Low blood sugar

This can happen if the dose of
metformin is too high or if it is
taken in combination with other
diabetes medications. Symptoms
of hypoglycemia can include
sweating, shaking, confusion,
dizziness, and fainting.

Lactic acidosis

It is among some rare but serious
Metformin 500mg side effects that
occurs due to buildup of lactic acid
in the bloodstream. Metformin can
cause lactic acidosis if it is taken in
high doses. Symptoms of lactic
acidosis include nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, rapid breathing,
and confusion.

  • ellipse Low vitamin B12 levels: Metformin 500mg side effects also include low vitamin B12 levels. At times, Metformin can interfere with the absorption of vitamin B12 in the intestine, leading to deficiency. Low vitamin B12 levels can cause fatigue, weakness, numbness/tingling in the hands and feet.

  • ellipse Lactic acidosis: It is among some rare but serious Metformin 500mg side effects that occurs due to buildup of lactic acid in the bloodstream. Metformin can cause lactic acidosis if it is taken in high doses. Symptoms of lactic acidosis include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rapid breathing, and confusion.

  • ellipse Low vitamin B12 levels: Metformin 500mg side effects also include low vitamin B12 levels. At times, Metformin can interfere with the absorption of vitamin B12 in the intestine, leading to deficiency. Low vitamin B12 levels can cause fatigue, weakness, numbness/tingling in the hands and feet.

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Interactions

Metformin 1000 mg or any other dosage of the drug can interact with certain medications and substances, which can increase the risk of side effects. Here are some of the interactions of metformin:

Alcohol

Alcohol: Interaction of Metformin with Alcohol

NIH research suggests that excessive alcohol consumption may contribute to the development of lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia when combined with metformin, a rare but serious side effect of the medication.

Other diabetes
Medications

Other Diabetes Medication: Interaction of Metformin with Other Diabetes Medication

Taking metformin with other diabetes medications that lower blood sugar, such as insulin or sulfonylureas, can increase the risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

Contract Dye

Contract Dye: Interaction of Metformin with Contract Dye

As mentioned earlier, metformin can interfere with imaging tests that use contrast dye. It is generally recommended to stop taking metformin before these tests and wait for 48 hours before resuming the medication.

Blood Pressure
Medication

Blood Pressure Medication: Interaction of Metformin with Blood Pressure Medication

Some blood pressure medications, such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), can decrease the effectiveness of metformin.

Vitamin B12
Supplements

Vitamin B12 Supplements: Interaction of Metformin with Vitamin B12 Supplements

Vitamin B12 supplements can help prevent vitamin B12 deficiency caused by metformin, but they can also decrease the effectiveness of the medication.

Antibiotics &
NSAIDs

Antibiotics & NSAIDs: Interaction of Metformin with Antibiotics & NSAIDs

 Some antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, can increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with metformin. Also, consuming Metformin along with Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, combiflam and naproxen, can increase the risk of lactic acidosis.

It is important to tell your healthcare provider about all the medications and supplements you are taking
before starting metformin or any other medication.

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Overdose

An overdose of Metformin 1000 mg (or a higher/lower dosage) can be very serious and can lead to severe
side effects, including lactic acidosis, a buildup of lactic acid in the blood that can be life-threatening.
Symptoms of an overdose may include:

Nausea/vomiting: Overdose of Metformin can Cause Nausea/vomiting Nausea/vomiting
Rapid breathing or shortness of breath: Overdose of Metformin can Cause Rapid breathing or shortness of breath Rapid breathing or
shortness of breath
Diarrhea: Overdose of Metformin can Cause Diarrhea Diarrhea
Muscle pain or weakness: Overdose of Metformin can Cause Muscle pain or weakness Muscle pain or
weakness
Stomach Pain: Overdose of Metformin can Cause Stomach Pain Stomach pain
Confusion or drowsiness: Overdose of Metformin can Cause Confusion or drowsiness Confusion or
drowsiness
Dizziness or lightheadedness: Overdose of Metformin can Cause Dizziness or lightheadedness Dizziness or
lightheadedness
Seizures: Overdose of Metformin can Cause Seizures Seizures

If you suspect that you or someone else has taken too much metformin, it is important to seek emergency
medical attention immediately.
Treatment for a metformin overdose typically involves monitoring vital signs, administering fluids and
electrolytes, and treating any underlying medical conditions. In severe cases, dialysis may be necessary to
remove the medication from the bloodstream.
It is important to take metformin only as directed by your healthcare provider and to never take more than
the prescribed dose.

Frequently
Asked Questions

For all additional questions,
please feel free to contact us!

Metformin is an oral drug primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes. However, it may also be used to treat other health conditions like:

  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): PCOS is a hormonal disorder that can cause irregular periods, infertility, and other health problems in women.
  • Metabolic syndrome:A cluster of conditions that can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. These conditions include high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat, abnormal cholesterol etc.
  • Obesity: Obesity is a condition where someone has excess body fat that can lead to other health problems.
Note - Metformin should only be taken as per your healthcare provider’s prescription.

The administration of metformin, an oral drug for treating type 2 diabetes, may differ among pregnant or nursing women, children, and elderly individuals based on numerous factors such as personal medical history, present health condition, and their healthcare provider's recommendation.

Pregnant women ought to consult with their physician prior to using metformin, as it has the potential to pass through the placenta and impact the fetus. Similarly, nursing mothers should seek their doctor's advice before using metformin since it can be secreted in breast milk.

Both children and elderly individuals are more prone to metformin's side effects, so their dosage might need modification. A healthcare professional is best suited to decide if metformin is suitable for a person after considering their unique situation.

While taking metformin for diabetes management, certain foods should be limited or avoided, such as:

  • High-carbohydrate foods like white bread, pasta, rice, and sweets or sugary beverages.
  • Limit sodium consumption and keep it under 2300 milligrams per day to prevent excessive intake.
  • Limit fiber consumption and keep it under 30 gm/day.
  • High-fat foods including fried items, fatty meats, and full-fat dairy products.
  • Processed foods containing added sugars and unhealthy fats.
  • Alcohol and excessive caffeine intake, which could disrupt blood sugar control and heighten the risk of lactic acidosis.

Keep in mind that dietary suggestions may differ based on an individual's medical background, health condition, and other factors. For personalized dietary advice when using metformin, consult a healthcare professional.

Indeed, there can be interactions between metformin oral and other medications. It is crucial to notify your healthcare professional of all medications, supplements, and herbal remedies you are using prior to commencing metformin treatment. A few examples of medications that might interact with metformin include:

  • When combined with metformin, antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and sulfonamides may elevate the risk of lactic acidosis.
  • Diuretics like furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and spironolactone can contribute to dehydration and heighten the risk of lactic acidosis when used alongside metformin.
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen could increase the potential for kidney damage when taken in conjunction with metformin.
  • Blood pressure medications, such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, might escalate the risk of hypoglycemia when administered with metformin.
  • Certain psychiatric disorder treatments, like antipsychotics and antidepressants, can enhance the likelihood of weight gain and blood sugar imbalance when combined with metformin.

It's crucial to have a chat with your healthcare professional about any possible drug interactions before you dive into taking metformin or any other medication. Be informed and stay safe!

Metformin is a drug prescribed for managing type 2 diabetes by reducing glucose production in the liver and enhancing insulin sensitivity. Although generally safe and effective, certain individuals should refrain from taking metformin. Those with serious kidney or liver conditions may struggle to process the medication, leading to an increased risk of toxicity.

People with heart failure or a history of lactic acidosis should also steer clear of metformin due to potential negative side effects. Furthermore, it is advised that pregnant or breastfeeding women consult their healthcare professional before using metformin, as its safety during pregnancy and lactation remains unconfirmed.

In India, managing type 2 diabetes often involves medications other than metformin. Here's a list of top Metformin alternatives:

  1. Sulfonylureas: These drugs encourage the pancreas to produce more insulin.
  2. DPP-4 inhibitors:They slow down the breakdown of hormones that stimulate insulin release, such as Januvia, Nesina, Onglyza, and Tradjenta.
  3. GLP-1 receptor agonists:These medications imitate hormone effects, which then promote insulin release and decrease appetite. Some examples include Adlyxin, Bydureon, Byetta, Ozempic, Rybelsus, Trulicity, and Victoza.
  4. SGLT-2 inhibitors: Drugs like Farxiga, Invokana, Jardiance, and Steglatro prevent glucose reabsorption by kidneys, increasing glucose excretion in urine.
  5. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors:These medications (e.g., Acarbose/Glucobay and Miglitol/Glyset) slow carbohydrate absorption in the intestine to reduce blood sugar levels after meals.

A healthcare provider will recommend the most suitable alternative to metformin based on factors like a patient's health status, blood sugar control, and any existing medical conditions.

Metformin is a medication that is often recommended as the preferred treatment for type-2 diabetes due to its many benefits. Metformin primarily functions by reducing the blood sugar levels, which is done by limiting the glucose released by the liver. Additionally, it improves the body's ability to utilize insulin, further assisting in the regulation of blood sugar levels.

Unlike other medications used to treat diabetes, Metformin is less likely to cause low blood sugar and may even help with weight loss. Studies have also shown that Metformin can help reduce the risk of heart disease and overall mortality in people with type-2 diabetes. Moreover, Metformin is an inexpensive medication that can be used safely as the first-line treatment for type-2 diabetes.

It is advised to eat a healthy, balanced diet that contains complex carbs, such as whole grains and vegetables, while limiting simple sugars and processed carbohydrates when using Metformin. This aids in controlling blood sugar levels and avoiding glucose spikes. Furthermore, it’s highly recommended to avoid excessive alcohol consumption, which when combined with Metformin raises the risk of lactic acidosis. To ensure that their diabetes is managed as effectively as possible, patients should talk to their healthcare professional about their dietary requirements and limits.

If you missed your dose of Metformin, immediately take it when you recall. However, if it's almost time for the next dose, you can take it and skip the missed one. It’s not a good practice to take an extra dose to compensate for the missed one, as it can cause serious overdosing side effects. If you have any concerns regarding missed doses or the management of your medication regimen, it is advisable to consult with your healthcare provider for guidance.

It is advised to store Metformin at room temperature (up to 25° C) away from heat, and keep it away from children and pets. Also, it is recommended to keep this drug away from direct sunlight, and damp/moist areas such as bathrooms as it may cause the drug to lose its efficacy.

Always check the expiration date of Metformin before buying, and keep it tightly concealed in its original container.

Metformin is a drug that is frequently prescribed for Type-2 diabetes, and there are numerous brands of it on the market. Many of the well-known Metformin brands available in India are:

  • Glycomet
  • Diaformin
  • Bigomet
  • Metformin
  • Metformin SR
  • Glyciphage
  • Metformin XR
  • Gluformin
  • Reclimet
  • Glimisave Metformin
It’s worth noting that the brand name primarily depends upon the manufacturing company of the ingredient. Each brand may have its own specific usage instructions, efficacy, and side-effects. It is best to consult your healthcare professional before buying Metformin to know what brand most suits your health needs.

Prices of Metformin tablets may vary on various factors, such as the brand of the drug, its manufacturing company, location purchased from, pharmacy stores etc. Here are the prices of a strip of 10 Metformin tablets from different brands:

  • Glycomet 500 mg tablet - Rs. 90 to Rs. 160 per strip
  • Glyciphage 500 mg tablet - Rs. 90 to Rs. 150 per strip
  • Bigomet 500 mg tablet - Rs. 100 to Rs. 160 per strip
  • Metformin SR 500 mg tablet - Rs. 80 to Rs. 150 per strip
  • Reclimet 500 mg tablet - Rs. 100 to Rs. 160 per strip
  • Gluformin 500 mg tablet - Rs. 80 to Rs. 150 per strip
  • Metformin 500 mg tablet - Rs. 50 to Rs. 130 per strip
  • Diaformin 500 mg tablet - Rs. 90 to Rs. 150 per strip
  • Glimisave Metformin 500 mg tablet - Rs. 100 to Rs. 180 per strip
  • Metformin XR 500 mg tablet - Rs. 180 to Rs. 250 per strip
It’s worth noting that the brand name primarily depends upon the manufacturing company of the ingredient. Each brand may have its own specific usage instructions, efficacy, and side-effects. It is best to consult your healthcare professional before buying Metformin to know what brand most suits your health needs.